Biomechanical analysis of posture and its relationship to musculoskeletal complaints in university students who frequently use mobile phones

Abstract

Background: Prolonged and excessive use of mobile phones in non-ergonomic postures, particularly those involving a forward head position that increases cervical spine loading and demands sustained neck muscle stabilization, may lead to musculoskeletal complaints involving the neck, shoulders, upper back, and arms. Therefore, this literature review aimed to examine studies related to the biomechanics of posture during mobile phone use and their impact on the musculoskeletal system.

Methods: This study employed a literature review method, which analyzed secondary data obtained from journals accessed through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the keywords: “biomechanics,” “smartphone addiction,” and “musculoskeletal disorder. The article criteria were original research with an observational design, and available as open-access full-text articles.

Results: Based on the reviewed literature, non-ergonomic mobile phone usage postures were possibly associated with musculoskeletal complaints among students.

Conclusion: Mobile phone use in poor ergonomic postures was possibly associated with musculoskeletal disorders among college students. This literature review emphasizes the importance of ergonomics education and the implementation of preventive strategies in physiotherapy practice, particularly within student populations. Furthermore, the findings are expected to serve as a foundation for developing effective approaches to prevent musculoskeletal disorders related to mobile phone use among students.